Summary of Rizal

Republic Act No. 1425, cognise as theRizal constabulary, mandates altogether(prenominal) educational institutions in the Philippinesto offer courses aboutJose Rizal. The full cite of the law isAn Act to Include in the Curricula of All Public and Private Schools, Colleges and Universities Courses On the Life, Works and Writings ofJose Rizal, Particularly His NovelsNoli Me TangereandEl Filibusterismo, Authorizing the Printing and Distri unlession Thereof, and for Other Purposes.The taproom was strongly coup lead by the papistical Catholic Church in the Philippines overdue to the anti-clerical themes inNoli Me TangereandEl Filibusterismo. SenatorClaro M. Rectowas the main proponent of the wherefore Rizal Bill. He sought to sponsor the measuring rod poster at Congress. However, this was met with stiff opposition from the Catholic Church. During the1955 Senate election, the church charged Recto with being a communist and an anti-Catholic.After Rectos election, the Church mov e to oppose the measure manpowert mandating the interpret of Rizals novelsNoli Me TangereandEl Filibusterismo, claiming it would debauchfreedom of conscienceandreligion. 1 In the execute to oppose the Rizal circular, the Catholic Church urged its adherents to keep to their congress hands and senators showing their opposition to the eminence later, it make symposiums. In one of these symposiums, Fr. Jesus Cavanna argued that the novels belonged to the foregone and that teaching them would misrepresent current conditions.Radio beholder Jesus Paredes also verbalise that Catholics had the reclaim to refuse to read them as it would bilk their salvation. 1 Groups such as Catholic Action of the Philippines, theCongregation of the Mission, theKnights of Columbus, and the Catholic Teachers auberge organized opposition to the bill they were countered by Veteranos de la Revolucion (Spirit of 1896), Alagad in Rizal, the Freemasons, and theKnights of Rizal. The Senate Committee on Education sponsored a bill co-scripted by bothJose P.Laureland Recto, with the only opposition advent fromFrancisco Soc Rodrigo,Mariano Jesus Cuenco, andDecoroso Rosales. 2 TheArchbishop of manilla,Rufino Santos, protested in a inelegant letterthat Catholic students would be modify if compulsory reading of the uncensored fluctuation were pushed through. 3Arsenio Lacson, Manilas mayor, who alivenessed the bill, walked out of Mass when the non- christian priest read a circular from the archbishop denouncing the bill. 4 Rizal, fit in toCuenco, attacked dogmas, beliefs and practices of the Church.The assertion that Rizal limited him egotism to castigating undeserving priests and refrained from criticizing, ridiculing or putting in doubt dogmas of the Catholic Church, is absolutely gratuitous and mis tether. Cuenco touched on Rizals denial of the existence ofpurgatory, as it was non found in the Bible, and that Moses and Jesus Christ did non mention its existence Cuenco conclud e that a majority of the Members of this Chamber, if non all including our good friend, the gentleman from Sulu believed in purgatory. 5The senator from Sulu, Domocao Alonto, attacked Philippines who title Rizal as their case hero still seemed to despise what he had written, reflection that theIndonesiansused Rizals books as their Bible on their independence movementPedro Lopez, who hails from Cebu, Cuencos land, in his support for the bill, reasoned out that it was in their province the independence movement started, whenLapu-LapufoughtFerdinand M shape upllan. 3 Outside the Senate, the Catholic schools threatened to close down if the bill was passed Recto countered that if that happened, the schools would be nationalized.Recto did non believe the threat, stating that the schools were in like manner profitable to be closed. 1The schools gave up the threat, but threatened to punish legislators in prefer of the law in future elections. A compromise was suggested, to use th e expurgated recitation Recto, who had supported the required reading of the unexpurgated version, declared The battalion who would eliminate the books of Rizal from the schools would defect out from our minds the memory of the national hero. This is not a fight once morest Recto but a fight against Rizal, adding that since Rizal is dead, they are attempting to suppress his memory. 6 On May 12, 1956, a compromise inserted by Committee on Education hot seat Laurel that accommodated the objections of the Catholic Church was sanction unanimously. The bill specified that only college (university) students would name the option of reading unexpurgated versions of clerically-contested reading material, such asNoli Me TangereandEl Filibusterismo. 136The bill was enacted on June 12, 1956,3Flag Day. &8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212- editContent TheNoliandFiliwere required readings for college students. branch 1 mandated that the stude nts were to read the novels as they were written inSpanish, although a provision uniform that the Board of National Education gain rules on how these should be applied. 5The last devil sections were focused on making Rizals whole kit accessible to the general public the heartbeat section mandated the schools to have an adequate pattern of copies in their libraries, era the third uniform the board to publish the works in majorPhilippine languages. 5 &8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212- editAftermath After the bill was enacted into law, there were no recorded instances of students applying for claim from reading the novels, and no know mental process for such exemptions. 6In 1994, PresidentFidel V. Ramos lucid theDepartment of Education, Culture and Sportsto fully use the law as there had been reports that it has noneffervescent not been fully implemented. 7 The debate during the human activity of the Rizal virtue has been com pared to theReproductive Health bill(RH bill) debate of 2011. 8AkbayanrepresentativeKaka Bag-ao, one of the proponents of the RH bill, said, quoting the Catholic hierarchy, that More than 50 years ago, they said the Rizal Law violates the Catholics right to conscience and religion, interestingly, the like line of reasoning they use to oppose the RH bill. 9 &8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212- editReferences 1. abcdAbinales, Patricio N. Amoroso, Donna J. (2005). State and society in the Philippines. Lanham, MarylandRowman &amp Littlefield. p. 187. ISBN978-0-7425-1024-1. 2. Cruz-Araneta, Gemma(2010-12-29). statute law Rizal, 1. Manila Bulletin. Retrieved 2011-05-24. 3. abcdCruz-Araneta, Gemma(2010-12-29). Legislating Rizal, 2. Manila Bulletin. Retrieved 2011-05-24. 4. Rodis, Rodel (2010-01-07). Global Networking The Rizal bill. Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved 2011-06-12. 5. abcPangalangan, Raul (2010-12-31). The intense debate on the Rizal Law. Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved 2011-05-24. 6. abcOcampo, Ambeth(2007-05-04). The fight over the Rizal Law. Philippine Daily Inquirer.Retrieved 2011-05-24. 7. Mr. Ramos leads Rizal Day rites. Manila Standard. 1994-12-29. Retrieved 2011-06-19. 8. Mendez, Christina (2011-05-23). JPE, Joker confident of compromise on RH bill. Philippine Star. Retrieved 2011-05-24. 9. Jose Rizal impudent symbol of reproductive health rights? . ABS-CBNnews. com. 2011-06-01. Retrieved 2011-06-01. Jose Rizal A Biographical Sketch BY TEOFILO H. MONTEMAYOR JOSE RIZAL, the national hero of the Philippines and pride of the Malayan race, was natural on June 19, 1861, in the town of Calamba, Laguna.He was the one-s so farth child in a family of 11 children (2 boys and 9 girls). Both his parents were educated and belonged to expansive families. His father, Francisco Mercado Rizal, an industrious farmer whom Rizal called a nonplus of fathers, came from Binan, Laguna eyepatch his m anothe r(prenominal), Teodora Alonzo y Quintos, a highly cultured and accomplished cleaning lady whom Rizal called loving and prudent mother, was born in Meisic, Sta. Cruz, Manila. At the age of 3, he well-read the alphabet from his mother at 5, while learning to read and write, he already showed inclinations to be an artist.He astounded his family and relatives by his draw drawings and sketches and by his moldings of clay. At the age 8, he wrote a Tagalog poem, Sa Aking Mga Kabata, the theme of which revolves on the revere of ones language. In 1877, at the age of 16, he obtained his Bachelor of liberal arts degree with an average of jumplent from the Ateneo municipal de Manila. In the same year, he enrolled in philosophical system and Letters at the University of Santo Tomas, while at the same measure took courses leading to the degree of surveyor and expert assessor at the Ateneo.He finished the latter course on March 21, 1877 and passed the Surveyors examination on May 21, 1878 bu t because of his age, 17, he was not granted license to practice the profession until December 30, 1881. In 1878, he enrolled in medicine at the University of Santo Tomas but had to confirmation in his studies when he felt that the Filipino students were being discriminated upon by their Dominican tutors. On May 3, 1882, he sailed for Spain where he continued his studies at the Universidad Central de Madrid.On June 21, 1884, at the age of 23, he was conferred the degree of Licentiate in medicate and on June 19,1885, at the age of 24, he finished his course in Philosophy and Letters with a grade of excellent. Having travelled extensively in Europe, America and Asia, he mastered 22 languages. These include Arabic, Catalan, Chinese, English, French, German, Greek, Hebrew, Italian, Japanese, Latin, Malayan, Portuguese, Russian, Sanskrit, Spanish, Tagalog, and other native dialects.A versatile genius, he was an architect, artists, businessman, cartoonist, educator, economist, ethnolog ist, scientific farmer, historian, inventor, journalist, linguist, musician, mythologist, nationalist, naturalist, novelist, opthalmic surgeon, poet, propagandist, psychologist, scientist, sculptor, sociologist, and theologian. He was an expert fencer and a good shot. In the promise of securing political and social reforms for his country and at the same time educate his countrymen, Rizal, the superlative apostle of Filipino nationalism, published, while in Europe, some(prenominal) works with highly nationalistic and basal tendencies.In March 1887, his daring book, NOLI ME TANGERE, a satiric novel exposing the arrogance and despotism of the Spanish clergy, was published in Berlin in 1890 he reprinted in Paris, Morgas SUCCESSOS DE LAS ISLAS FILIPINAS with his annotations to prove that the Filipinos had a civilization worthy to be elevated of even long before the Spaniards find foot on Philippine mark on September 18, 1891, EL FILIBUSTERISMO, his snatch novel and a sequel to t he NOLI and more revolutionary and tragic than the latter, was printed in Ghent.Because of his bravenessous exposures of the injustices committed by the civil and clerical officials, Rizal provoked the animosity of those in power. This led himself, his relatives and countrymen into trouble with the Spanish officials of the country. As a consequence, he and those who had contacts with him, were shadowed the authorities were not only finding faults but even fabricating charges to pin him down. Thus, he was imprison houseed in Fort Santiago from July 6, 1892 to July 15, 1892 on a charge that anti-friar pamphlets were found in the luggage of his sister Lucia who arrive with him from Hong Kong.While a political exile in Dapitan, he engaged in agriculture, fishing and business he maintained and operated a hospital he conducted classes- taught his pupils the English and Spanish languages, the arts. The sciences, vocational courses including agriculture, surveying, sculpturing, and pai nting, as well as the art of self defense he did some researches and placid specimens he entered into correspondence with renowned men of letters and sciences abroad and with the help of his pupils, he constructed water dam and a simpleness map of Mindanao both considered remarkable design feats.His sincerity and friendliness won for him the want and confidence of even those assigned to view as him his good manners and warm spirit were found irresistible by women of all races with whom he had personal contacts his intelligence and humbleness gained for him the respect and admiration of prominent men of other nations while his undaunted courage and determination to uplift the welfare of his people were feared by his enemies.When the Philippine Revolution started on August 26, 1896, his enemies lost no time in pressing him down. They were able to draft witnesses that linked him with the revolt and these were never allowed to be confronted by him. Thus, from November 3, 1986, t o the date of his execution, he was again committed to Fort Santiago. In his prison cell, he wrote an untitled poem, now known as Ultimo Adios which is considered a masterpiece and a living entry expressing not only the heros great love of country but also that of all Filipinos.After a do by trial, he was convicted of rebellion, sedition and of forming illegal association. In the cold morning of December 30, 1896, Rizal, a man whose 35 years of livelihood had been packed with varied activities which proved that the Filipino has capacity to equal if not excel even those who treat him as a slave, was shot at Bagumbayan Field.